Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) occurs when the heart valves are damaged as a result of acute rheumatic fever. If you suffer from RHD, blood cannot flow to your heart properly as your heart valves have trouble opening and closing.
Rheumatic heart disease is very prevalent in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities where acute rheumatic fever is common.
You may not always have symptoms if you have rheumatic heart disease. However, some warning signs include:
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by acute rheumatic fever or recurring rheumatic fever which has been left untreated.
Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that develops if strep throat or scarlet fever – an infection with Group A streptococcus bacteria – is left untreated without antibiotics. Acute rheumatic fever is prevalent in developing nations or disadvantaged communities and most common among 5-15 year olds.
If you are susceptible you may experience an immune response if your strep throat is not addressed. This response can then target the brain, skin, joints and heart and may cause inflammation.
To diagnose rheumatic heart disease, your doctor may conduct one of the following tests:
The type of treatment will depend on the severity of the rheumatic heart disease. Some options include:
Rheumatic heart disease and acute rheumatic fever are both entirely preventable.
Antibiotic treatments including penicillin to treat strep throat can dramatically reduce the risk of acute rheumatic fever and consequently rheumatic heart disease.
If you have acute rheumatic fever, prompt diagnosis from your doctor is essential, combined with the appropriate medication, in order to prevent it from worsening and deteriorating into heart disease.
In some cases, you may need to continue taking preventative antibiotics such as prophylactic antibiotics for many years after acute rheumatic fever. This will be decided by your doctor who will consider the severity of your situation.
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